The energy crisis: what emergency measures did the European Union introduce in response?

Bulletin No 253, article 6. This bulletin attempts to evaluate the effect of emergency measures introduced by European Union (EU) Member States in 2022 to counter the energy crisis, and their impact on inflation. It analyses their economic consequences with regard to their three objectives: (i) lowering energy bills for households and firms; (ii) minimising the cost to public finances; and (iii) reducing demand for energy and securing energy supplies. …